國(guó)際主要的海上運(yùn)油航線介紹

　　水上油運(yùn)航線連接著世界上主要的產(chǎn)油地區(qū)和消費(fèi)地區(qū)。有屬于跨洋的國(guó)際航線，也有屬于地區(qū)或某個(gè)國(guó)家范圍的短程油運(yùn)航線。由于原油的產(chǎn)地和消費(fèi)地相對(duì)比較集中，從水上原油運(yùn)輸?shù)幕玖飨騺?lái)看。據(jù)天津貨代公司了解到的主要的國(guó)際間的原油航線僅有四條。然而由于出發(fā)港和目的港的不同，則可以構(gòu)成數(shù)干條具體的水上原油運(yùn)輸航線。成品油的產(chǎn)地和消費(fèi)地則十分分散，故水上成品油航線眾多，以至無(wú)法估計(jì)它的確切數(shù)目。海上石油運(yùn)輸?shù)倪\(yùn)量在整個(gè)外貿(mào)海運(yùn)量中占有很重要的地位。以下分別介紹世界海上石油運(yùn)輸主要航線以及我國(guó)進(jìn)口原油的可能航線和國(guó)內(nèi)主要油運(yùn)航線，且重點(diǎn)介紹后兩類水上油運(yùn)航線。

　　Waterborne oil shipping routes connect the world's major oil producing and consuming regions.There are international routes belonging to transoceanic and short-range oil transportation routes belonging to regional or a certain national scope.As the origin and consumption of crude oil are relatively concentrated,the basic flow direction of crude oil transportation by water is seen.There are only four major international crude oil routes that Tianjin Forwarding Company knows about.However,due to the different departure and destination ports,it can constitute several specific water crude oil transportation routes.The origin and consumption of refined oil is very scattered,so there are many routes for refined oil on water,and it is impossible to estimate the exact number of it.The volume of maritime oil transportation occupies a very important position in the whole foreign trade shipping volume.The following are the main routes of the world's maritime oil transportation,as well as the possible routes of China's imports of crude oil and the main domestic oil transportation routes,and focus on the latter two types of oil transportation routes on water.

　　眾所周知，世界上主要的原油產(chǎn)地，基本集中于中東海灣地區(qū)、北非地區(qū)、西非地區(qū)、北海地區(qū)、西伯利亞-中亞地區(qū)、中國(guó)及周邊地區(qū)、馬來(lái)地區(qū)、南美加勒比地區(qū)及北美地區(qū)。從各地區(qū)出口的原油海運(yùn)量來(lái)看，由大到小的排序?yàn)椋褐袞|海灣、北非、西非、加勒比海、近東和東南亞。而需要進(jìn)口原油的國(guó)家和地區(qū)主要集中于西北歐、美國(guó)和日本。從各地進(jìn)口的原油海運(yùn)量來(lái)看，由大到小的排序?yàn)椋何鞅睔W、北美、日本及韓國(guó)、地中海和南美。故構(gòu)成世界上主要四條油運(yùn)航線是：

　　As we all know,the world's major crude oil production areas are basically concentrated in the Middle East Gulf region,North Africa region,West Africa region,North Sea region,Siberia-Central Asia region,China and the surrounding areas,Malay region,South America Caribbean region and North America region.In terms of the volume of crude oil exported by sea from each region,the order from largest to smallest is:Middle East Gulf,North Africa,West Africa,Caribbean,Near East and Southeast Asia.And the countries and regions that need to import crude oil are mainly concentrated in Northwest Europe,the United States and Japan.In terms of the volume of crude oil imported by sea from various places,the order from largest to smallest is:Northwest Europe,North America,Japan and Korea,Mediterranean Sea and South America.Therefore,the four main oil shipping routes that constitute the world are.

　　(1)波斯灣--西歐、北美航線：它是西歐、北美石油消費(fèi)區(qū)的主要供油航線。最高年運(yùn)量曾高達(dá)6億噸。該航線通常使用超級(jí)油船運(yùn)輸，且由于水深限制，自波斯灣起航后。超級(jí)油船都經(jīng)莫桑比克海峽.再繞道好望角航行。

　　(1)Persian Gulf-Western Europe,North America route:It is the main oil supply route for the oil consuming areas in Western Europe and North America.The highest annual transportation volume was once as high as 600 million tons.The route usually uses supertankers for transportation,and due to water depth restrictions,since the Persian Gulf after the sailing.The supertankers sail through the Mozambique Channel.Then sailed around the Cape of Good Hope.

　　(2)波斯灣--日本航線：它是日本的主要供油航線，年運(yùn)量高達(dá)1億噸以上。使用VL-CC型油船運(yùn)輸時(shí)需繞道龍目海峽和望加錫海峽。如果使用20萬(wàn)噸級(jí)以內(nèi)的油船運(yùn)輸則可經(jīng)過(guò)馬六甲海峽運(yùn)抵日本，航程較前者短。

　　(2)Persian Gulf-Japan route:It is the main oil supply route for Japan,with an annual capacity of more than 100 million tons.When using VL-CC tanker,it needs to go around Lombok Strait and Mangasik Strait.If you use oil tanker of 200,000 tons or less,it can be transported to Japan through the Strait of Malacca,and the voyage is shorter than the former.

　　(3)波斯灣--西歐航線：它主要是為西歐供油的航線，部分原油亦輸往北美，與上述的波斯灣--西歐、北美航線的主要區(qū)別是經(jīng)蘇伊土運(yùn)河和地中海穿直布羅陀海峽抵達(dá)西歐和北美，不繞道好望角，采用15萬(wàn)噸級(jí)以內(nèi)的油船運(yùn)輸。

　　(3)Persian Gulf-Western Europe route:It is mainly a supply route for Western Europe,and some crude oil is also transported to North America.The main difference with the above-mentioned Persian Gulf-Western Europe and North America route is that it arrives at Western Europe and North America via the Suez Canal and the Mediterranean Sea through the Strait of Gibraltar,without detouring through the Cape of Good Hope,and uses oil tankers of 150,000 tons or less.

　　(4)墨西哥--日本航線：它是日本的另一條主要供油航線。其一是經(jīng)巴拿馬運(yùn)河，穿越太平洋抵達(dá)日本，使用的油船尺度受巴拿馬運(yùn)河尺度限制，通常在6萬(wàn)噸級(jí)以下。其二是從墨西哥的西海岸起航，沿北太平洋抵日本。

　　(4)Mexico-Japan route:It is another major oil supply route for Japan.One is through the Panama Canal,across the Pacific Ocean to Japan,using the scale of oil tankers by the Panama Canal scale restrictions,usually in the 60,000 tons or less.The second is to sail from the west coast of Mexico and arrive in Japan along the North Pacific Ocean.

　　此外，還有如下一些運(yùn)程較短的海上油運(yùn)航線：西非--北美、南美航線;北非--西歐航線;黑海--地中海航線;波斯灣--澳、新航線;阿拉斯加--美國(guó)東海岸航線;墨西哥灣--加勒比海航線;東南亞、中國(guó)--日本航線等。

　　In addition,there are some shorter sea oil shipping routes as follows:West Africa-North America,South America route;North Africa-Western Europe route;Black Sea-Mediterranean route;Persian Gulf-Australia,New Zealand route;Alaska-U.S.East Coast route;Gulf of Mexico-Caribbean route;Southeast Asia,China-Japan route,etc..